JEP-0153: vCard-Based Avatars

This JEP provides historical documentation of a vCard-based protocol for exchanging user avatars.


NOTICE: This Historical JEP attempts to provide canonical documentation of a protocol that is in use within the Jabber/XMPP community. Publication as a Jabber Enhancement Proposal does not imply approval of this proposal by the Jabber Software Foundation. This JEP is not a standards-track specification within the Jabber Software Foundation's standards process; however, it may be converted to standards-track in the future or may be obsoleted by a more modern protocol.


JEP Information

Status: Experimental
Type: Historical
Number: 0153
Version: 0.2
Last Updated: 2005-10-18
JIG: Standards JIG
Approving Body: Jabber Council
Dependencies: XMPP Core, XMPP IM, JEP-0054
Supersedes: None
Superseded By: None
Short Name: Not yet assigned
Wiki Page: <http://wiki.jabber.org/index.php/vCard-Based Avatars (JEP-0153)>

Author Information

Peter Saint-Andre

Email: stpeter@jabber.org
JID: stpeter@jabber.org

Legal Notice

This Jabber Enhancement Proposal is copyright 1999 - 2005 by the Jabber Software Foundation (JSF) and is in full conformance with the JSF's Intellectual Property Rights Policy <http://www.jabber.org/jsf/ipr-policy.shtml>. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution License (<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/>).

Discussion Venue

The preferred venue for discussion of this document is the Standards-JIG discussion list: <http://mail.jabber.org/mailman/listinfo/standards-jig>.

Relation to XMPP

The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 3920) and XMPP IM (RFC 3921) specifications contributed by the Jabber Software Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this JEP has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.

Conformance Terms

The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.


Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Requirements
3. Use Cases
3.1. User Publishes Avatar
3.2. Contact Retrieves Avatar
4. Business Rules
4.1. Inclusion of Update Data in Presence
4.2. Downloading and Uploading the vCard
4.3. Multiple Resources
4.4. Resetting the Image Hash
4.5. Image Restrictions
5. Security Considerations
6. IANA Considerations
7. Jabber Registrar Considerations
7.1. Protocol Namespaces
8. XML Schema
9. Acknowledgements
Notes
Revision History


1. Introduction

There exist several proposed protocols for communicating user avatar information over Jabber/XMPP (see IQ-Based Avatars [1] and User Avatar [2]). This JEP describes another such protocol that is in use today on the Jabber/XMPP network. This JEP is historical and does not purport to propose a standards-track protocol. However, a future protocol may improve on the approach documented herein.

2. Requirements

The protocol described herein seems to have been designed with the following requirements in mind:

3. Use Cases

3.1 User Publishes Avatar

Before informing contacts of the user's avatar, the user's client first publishes the avatar data to the user's public vCard using the protocol defined in vcard-temp [3]. The avatar image (more precisely, the Base64-encoded image data) SHOULD be provided as the XML character data of the <BINVAL/> child of the <PHOTO/> element (rather than pointing to a URI for the image file in the <EXTVAL/> child), and the image type SHOULD be communicated as the XML character data of the <TYPE/> child of the <PHOTO/> element.

Example 1. User's Client Publishes Avatar Data to vCard

<iq from='juliet@capulet.com' 
    type='set'
    id='vc1'>
  <vCard xmlns='vcard-temp'>
    <BDAY>1476-06-09</BDAY>
    <ADR>
      <CTRY>Italy</CTRY>
      <LOCALITY>Verona</LOCALITY>
      <HOME/>
    </ADR>
    <NICKNAME/>
    <N><GIVEN>Juliet</GIVEN><FAMILY>Capulet</FAMILY></N>
    <EMAIL>jcapulet@shakespeare.lit</EMAIL>
    <PHOTO>
      <TYPE>image/jpeg</TYPE>
      <BINVAL>
        Base64-encoded-avatar-file-here!
      </BINVAL>
    </PHOTO>
  </vCard>
</iq>
    

Example 2. User's Server Acknowledges Publish

<iq to='juliet@capulet.com' type='result' id='vc1'/>
    

Next, the user's client computes the SHA1 hash of the avatar image in accordance with RFC 3174 [4]. This hash is then included in the user's presence information as the XML character data of the <photo/> child of an <x/> element qualified by the 'vcard-temp:x:update' namespace, as shown in the following example:

Example 3. User's Client Includes Avatar Hash in Presence Broadcast

<presence from='juliet@capulet.com/balcony'>
  <x xmlns='vcard-temp:x:update'>
    <photo>sha1-hash-of-image</photo>
  </x>
</presence>
    

The user's server then broadcasts that presence information to all contacts who are subscribed to the user's presence information.

3.2 Contact Retrieves Avatar

When the recipient's client receives the hash of the avatar image, it SHOULD check the hash to determine if it already has a cached copy of that avatar image. If not, it retrieves the sender's full vCard in accordance with the protocol flow describerd in JEP-0054 (note that this request is sent to the user's bare JID, not full JID):

Example 4. Contact's Client Requests User's vCard

<iq from='romeo@montague.net/orchard' 
    to='juliet@capulet.com'
    type='get' 
    id='vc2'>
  <vCard xmlns='vcard-temp'/>
</iq>
    

Example 5. Server Returns vCard on Behalf of User

<iq from='juliet@capulet.com' 
    to='romeo@montague.net/orchard' 
    type='result'
    id='vc2'>
  <vCard xmlns='vcard-temp'>
    <BDAY>1476-06-09</BDAY>
    <ADR>
      <CTRY>Italy</CTRY>
      <LOCALITY>Verona</LOCALITY>
      <HOME/>
    </ADR>
    <NICKNAME/>
    <N><GIVEN>Juliet</GIVEN><FAMILY>Capulet</FAMILY></N>
    <EMAIL>jcapulet@shakespeare.lit</EMAIL>
    <PHOTO>
      <TYPE>image/jpeg</TYPE>
      <BINVAL>
        Base64-encoded-avatar-file-here!
      </BINVAL>
    </PHOTO>
  </vCard>
</iq>
    

4. Business Rules

4.1 Inclusion of Update Data in Presence

The following rules apply to inclusion of the update child element (<x xmlns='vcard-temp:x:update'/>) in presence broadcasts:

  1. If a client supports the protocol defined herein, it MUST include the update child element in every presence broadcast it sends and SHOULD also include the update child in directed presence stanzas (e.g., directed presence sent when joining Multi-User Chat [5] rooms).

  2. If a client is not yet ready to advertise an image, it MUST send an empty update child element, i.e.:

    Example 6. User Is Not Ready to Advertise an Image

    <presence>
      <x xmlns='vcard-temp:x:update'/>
    </presence>
            
  3. If there is no avatar image to be advertised, the photo element MUST be empty, i.e.:

    Example 7. No Image to be Advertised

    <presence>
      <x xmlns='vcard-temp:x:update'>
        <photo/>
      </x>
    </presence>
            

    If the client subsequently obtains an avatar image (e.g., by updating or retrieving the vCard), it SHOULD then publish a new <presence/> stanza with character data in the <photo/> element.

  4. Note: This enables recipients to distinguish between the absence of an image (empty photo element) and mere support for the protocol (empty update child).

4.2 Downloading and Uploading the vCard

The following rules apply to downloading and uploading the vCard:

  1. A client MUST NOT advertise an avatar image without first downloading the current vCard. Once it has done this, it MAY advertise an image. However, a client MUST advertise an image if it has just uploaded the vCard with a new avatar image. In this case, the client MAY choose not to redownload the vCard to verify its contents.

  2. Within a given session, a client MUST NOT attempt to upload a given avatar image more than once. The client MAY upload the avatar image to the vCard on login and after that MUST NOT upload the vCard again unless the user actively changes the avatar image.

  3. The client MUST NOT poll for new versions of the user's vCard in order to determine whether to update the avatar image hash.

4.3 Multiple Resources

Jabber/XMPP allows multiple resources to authenticate for the same JID simultaneously. This introduces the potential of conflict between the resources regarding the user's avatar image. The following rules apply when a client receives a presence broadcast from another resource of its own JID:

  1. If the presence stanza received from the other resource does not contain the update child element, then the other resource does not support vCard-based avatars. That resource could modify the contents of the vCard (including the photo element); because polling for vCard updates is not allowed, the client MUST stop advertising the avatar image hash. However, the client MAY reset its hash if all instances of non-conforming resources have gone offline.

  2. If the presence stanza received from the other resource contains the update child element, then the other resource conforms to the protocol for vCard-based avatars. There are three possible scenarios:

    • If the update child element is empty, then the other resource supports the protocol but does not have its own avatar image. Therefore the client can ignore the other resource and continue to broadcast the existing image hash.

    • If the update child element contains an empty photo element, then the other resource has updated the vCard with an empty BINVAL. Therefore the client MUST retrieve the vCard. If the retrieved vCard contains a photo element with an empty BINVAL, then the client MUST stop advertising the old image.

    • If the update child element contains a non-empty photo element, then the client MUST compare the image hashes. If the hashes are identical, then the client can ignore the other resource and continue to broadcast the existing image hash. If the hashes are different, then the client MUST NOT attempt to resolve the conflict by uploading its avatar image again. Instead, it MUST defer to the content of the retrieved vCard by resetting its image hash (see below) and providing that hash in future presence broadcasts.

4.4 Resetting the Image Hash

Resetting the image hash consists of the following steps:

  1. Immediately send out a presence element with an empty update child element (containing no photo element).

  2. Download the vCard from the server.

  3. If the BINVAL is empty or missing, advertise an empty photo element in future presence broadcasts.

  4. If the BINVAL contains image data, calculate the hash of image and advertise that hash in future presence broadcasts.

4.5 Image Restrictions

The following rules apply to images:

  1. The image SHOULD use less than eight kilobytes (8k) of data; this restriction is to be enforced by the publishing client.

  2. The image height and width SHOULD be between thirty-two (32) and ninety-six (96) pixels; the recommended size is sixty-four (64) pixels high and sixty-four (64) pixels wide.

  3. The image SHOULD be square.

  4. The image content type [6] SHOULD be image/gif, image/jpeg, or image/png; support for the "image/png" content type is REQUIRED, support for the "image/gif" and "image/jpeg" content types is RECOMMENDED, and support for any other content type is OPTIONAL.

  5. The image data MUST be encoded in accordance with Section 3 of RFC 3548 [7]. Any whitespace characters (e.g., '\r' and '\n') MUST be stripped before decoding of the image data.

5. Security Considerations

This JEP introduces no security considerations above and beyond those described in RFC 3920 and RFC 3921.

6. IANA Considerations

This JEP requires no interaction with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [8].

7. Jabber Registrar Considerations

7.1 Protocol Namespaces

The Jabber Registrar [9] shall include 'vcard-temp:x:update' in its registry of protocol namespaces.

8. XML Schema

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

<xs:schema
    xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
    targetNamespace='vcard-temp:x:update'
    xmlns='vcard-temp:x:update'
    elementFormDefault='qualified'>

  <xs:element name='x'>
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name='photo' minOccurs='0' type='xs:string'/>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>

</xs:schema>
  

9. Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank the helpful developers who have implemented this protocol and provided feedback regarding its documentation.


Notes

1. JEP-0008: IQ-Based Avatars <http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0008.html>.

2. JEP-0084: User Avatar <http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0084.html>.

3. JEP-0054: vcard-temp <http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html>.

4. RFC 3174: US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3174.txt>.

5. JEP-0045: Multi-User Chat <http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0045.html>.

6. The IANA registry of content types is located at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/>.

7. RFC 3548: The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3548.txt>.

8. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols, such as port numbers and URI schemes. For further information, see <http://www.iana.org/>.

9. The Jabber Registrar maintains a list of reserved Jabber protocol namespaces as well as registries of parameters used in the context of protocols approved by the Jabber Software Foundation. For further information, see <http://www.jabber.org/registrar/>.


Revision History

Version 0.2 (2005-10-18)

Changed 8k limit from MUST NOT to SHOULD NOT; specified that client should publish new presence stanza if it obtains an avatar image after sending an empty photo element; specified that the update child should be included in directed presence stanzas; more clearly specified Base64 rules. (psa)

Version 0.1 (2005-06-16)

Initial JEP version. (psa)

Version 0.0.3 (2005-06-14)

Changed type from Informational to Historical, adjusted text accordingly. (psa)

Version 0.0.2 (2005-06-13)

Specified that the image data is actually Base64 encoded. (psa)

Version 0.0.1 (2005-06-09)

First draft. (psa)


END