JEP-0179: Jingle IAX Transport Method

This document defines a Jingle transport method that results in using the Inter-Asterisk eXchange protocol (IAX) for the final communication.


WARNING: This Standards-Track JEP is Experimental. Publication as a Jabber Enhancement Proposal does not imply approval of this proposal by the Jabber Software Foundation. Implementation of the protocol described herein is encouraged in exploratory implementations, but production systems should not deploy implementations of this protocol until it advances to a status of Draft.


JEP Information

Status: Experimental
Type: Standards Track
Number: 0179
Version: 0.1
Last Updated: 2006-03-09
JIG: Standards JIG
Approving Body: Jabber Council
Dependencies: XMPP Core, JEP-0166
Supersedes: None
Superseded By: None
Short Name: jingle-iax
Wiki Page: <http://wiki.jabber.org/index.php/Jingle IAX Transport Method (JEP-0179)>

Author Information

Antonio F. Cano

Email: antoniofcano@grupoikusnet.com
JID: antoniofcano@jabber.org

Discussion Venue

The preferred venue for discussion of this document is the Standards-JIG discussion list: <http://mail.jabber.org/mailman/listinfo/standards-jig>.

Relation to XMPP

The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 3920) and XMPP IM (RFC 3921) specifications contributed by the Jabber Software Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this JEP has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.

Conformance Terms

The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.


Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Requirements
3. Protocol Description
3.1. Transport Initiation
3.2. Target Entity Response
3.3. Informational Messages
4. Implementation Notes
4.1. Caller Identification
4.2. Asterisk PBX
5. Security Considerations
6. IANA Considerations
7. Jabber Registrar Considerations
7.1. Protocol Namespaces
7.2. Jingle IAX Transport Description
Notes
Revision History


1. Introduction

Jingle [1] defines a framework for negotiating and managing out-of-band multimedia sessions over XMPP. In order to provide a flexible framework, the base Jingle specification defines neither data transport methods nor media (session) types, leaving that up to separate specifications. The current document defines a transport method for establishing and managing IAX [2] sessions between XMPP entities.

IAX is a peer-to-peer media and signaling protocol, where the endpoints maintain state machines. With respect to media, sequencing and timing information is included into IAX frames, without the use of Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) for the media. [3] The IAX protocol handles the signaling and, when the call is accepted by both peers, the media passes between the two hosts. With this approach, IAX doesn't suffer from NAT traversal problems associated with others protocols like SIP or other related protocols.

2. Requirements

The Jingle transport description defined herein is designed to meet the following requirements:

  1. Enable negotiation of parameters necessary for take in contact both IAX peers.
  2. Make it relatively easy to implement support in standard Jabber/XMPP clients.
  3. Where communication with non-XMPP entities is needed, push as much complexity as possible onto server-side gateways between the XMPP network and the non-XMPP network.

3. Protocol Description

3.1 Transport Initiation

In order for the initiating entity in a Jingle exchange to start the negotiation, it MUST send a Jingle "session-initiate" stanza as described in JEP-0166. This stanza MUST include at least one transport method. If the initiating entity wishes to negotiate the IAX transport, it MUST include an empty <transport/> child element qualified by the 'http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle/transport/iax' namespace.

Example 1. Initiation Example, sended by Romeo

    <iq to='juliet@capulet.com/balcony'
      from='romeo@montague.net/orchard'
      id='jingle1'
      type='set'>
      <jingle xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle'
            action='session-initiate'
            initiator='romeo@montague.net/orchard'
            sid='a73sjjvkla37jfea'>
        <description ...> 
        <transport xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle/transport/iax' version='2'/>
    </jingle>
    </iq>
  

3.2 Target Entity Response

As described in JEP-0166, to provisionally accept the session initiation request, the target entity returns an IQ-result:

Example 2. Target Entity Provisionally Accepts the Session Request

<iq type='result' from='juliet@capulet.com/balcony' to='romeo@montague.net/orchard' id='jingle1'/>
    

To accept the IAX transport method, the target entity MUST send a <jingle/> element with an action of 'transport-accept', specifying the transport method desired.

This <transport/> element MUST include two <candidate/> element per channel, whose 'ip' and 'port' attributes specify the IP address and port number of the candidate that the initiator has reason to believe will be most likely to succeed for that channel. The two candidates are the local and remote one. NAT type doesn't matter because the IAX protocol by itself addresses the problem of NAT traversal. We differentiate the two candidates with name attribute.

The transport attributes are:

  1. Version -- this is the protocol version we want to use by (currently 1 or 2, perhaps other versions in the future). This information is provided as an attribute of the transport.
  2. User -- the user needed to log into the Asterisk PBX. This is OPTIONAL.
  3. Password -- the password needed to log the User into the Asterisk PBX. This is OPTIONAL.
  4. Secure -- describes the encryption method, this is OPTIONAL because at the moment there is one implementation of AES128 in Asterisk but not in the protocol, this could change in the future.

User and Password are OPTIONAL and needed in the case we want to call an extension that is behind an Asterisk PBX. The Asterisk PBX has to be properly configured to accept this kind of call.

When we get the answer, it is time to see if the media that we want to start is supported by both peers. If so the IAX session is initialized by the protocol stack.

The candidate attributes are:

  1. Name -- the name of the candidate MUST be local, public or vpn.
  2. IP -- the IP where the candidate is located.
  3. Port -- the port where the candidate is listening.

To discover this public IP address we need a third party and SHOULD make discovery via RFC 3489 [4], which will be an address on the outside of the firewall or NAT.

Example 3. Target Entity Accepts the IAX Transport Method

    <iq to='romeo@montague.net/orchard'
        from='juliet@capulet.com/balcony'
        id='jingle1'
        type='result'>
      <jingle xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle'
            action='transport-accept'
            initiator='juliet@capulet.com/balcony'
            sid='a73sjjvkla37jfea'>
        <transport xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle/transport/iax' 
                   version='2' 
                   secure='aes128' 
                   user='some-Asterisk-Username' 
                   password='some-Asterisk-Password'>
          <candidate name='local' ip='some-Local-IP-address-here' port='some-Local-Port-here'/>
          <candidate name='public' ip='some-Remote-IP-address-here' port='some-Remote-Port-here'/>
        </transport>
    </jingle>
    </iq>
  

3.3 Informational Messages

The syntax and semantics informational message payloads specific to the IAX transport method will be defined in a future version of this specification.

4. Implementation Notes

Port is returned by the IAX library stack initialization process. By default the port is 4569 UDP but if we have more than one IAX entity in the same box this port could be different.

For IAX library implementations it is RECOMMENDED to use IAXclient [5], because is an easy to use library, stable (used in most of IAX implementations) and multiplatform.

4.1 Caller Identification

Once the Jingle negotiation has been completed and the IAX stack has control, the initiating entity has to set his callerID information (cidname to Jingle and cidnum to JabberID) before dialing to a contact. If the initator's client has to show the contact's information, this comes from the initiator attribute of the returned IQ.

4.2 Asterisk PBX

IAX is a native protocol of the Asterisk PBX. When using the IAX protocol we could easily connect with an Asterisk PBX. There are two scenarios:

  1. We want to reach an internal extension directly (or go to PSTN line through Asterisk). in that case we need a user and password with rights into the PBX and setup into the Jabber client (the Jabber client will act like a softphone). This information has to be given for the final user to the entity. The idea in this scenario isn't so clear because if the jabber client acts like a softphone and we need to call an extension, we coudl just dial the extension without using Jingle.

  2. The Asterisk PBX accept incoming calls from IAX. In that case just call the Asterisk like other peer and the Asterisk MUST be properly configured for accepting the 'anonymous' (not an internal user of the PBX) incoming call.

In both cases, the Asterisk PBX has to be logged into the Jabber network and implement the Jingle extension like a channel (Asterisk terminology).

5. Security Considerations

To follow.

6. IANA Considerations

This JEP requires no interaction with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [6].

7. Jabber Registrar Considerations

7.1 Protocol Namespaces

The Jabber Registrar [7] shall include 'http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle/transport/iax' and 'http://jabber.org/protocol/jingle/info/iax' in its registry of protocol namespaces.

7.2 Jingle IAX Transport Description

The Jabber Registrar shall include the name "iax" in its registry of Jingle transport descriptions. The registration is as follows:

<transport>
  <name>iax</name>
  <desc>Jingle IAX sessions.</desc>
  <doc>XXXX</doc>
</transport>
    


Notes

1. JEP-0166: Jingle <http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0166.html>.

2. IAX: Inter-Asterisk eXchange Version 2 <http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-guy-iax-01.txt>. Work in progress.

3. IAX is a binary protocol; this design choice was made for bandwidth efficiency.

4. RFC 3489: STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs) <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3489.txt>.

5. See <http://iaxclient.sourceforge.net/>.

6. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols, such as port numbers and URI schemes. For further information, see <http://www.iana.org/>.

7. The Jabber Registrar maintains a list of reserved Jabber protocol namespaces as well as registries of parameters used in the context of protocols approved by the Jabber Software Foundation. For further information, see <http://www.jabber.org/registrar/>.


Revision History

Version 0.1 (2006-03-09)

Initial JEP version.

(psa)

Version 0.0.4 (2006-03-02)

Synced with last revision of Jingle and Raw UDP transport. Review some descriptions and modify some names like location for candidate

(afc)

Version 0.0.3 (2006-02-26)

Modify the initiate proccess, Rome tell to Juliet the transport to use and she answer with the transport information needed to be contacted. Added to transport the remoteTransport an localTransport data.

(afc)

Version 0.0.2 (2006-02-24)

Some fixes and take care of Asterisk PBX entity.

(afc)

Version 0.0.1 (2006-02-23)

First draft.

(afc)


END