JSON is an increasingly popular format for data representation. While investigation has shown us that it cannot feasibly replace XML in all its uses (JSON Encodings for XMPP (XEP-0295) [1]) sometimes existing data is already in JSON or it is necessary to integrate with systems that use JSON while avoiding the overhead of marshalling that data to or from XML.
Traditional approaches have ranged from simply placing the XML into existing freeform text containers in XMPP (such as the message <body> tag or the presence <status> tag) to creating dedicated containers in a custom namespace. Neither of these approaches are ideal for preserving the extensibility or interoperability that XMPP provides.
This document aims to solve the problem by defining a standard way to embed JSON into any XMPP stanza, and even allowing its use with existing XMPP protocols where possible.
This specification should:
Since JSON generally isn't designed for end-user presentation, most use-cases centre around JSON as part of machine-to-machine communication, or as part of a higher protocol, such as Publish-Subscribe (XEP-0060) [2].
<message from='pubsub.shakespeare.lit' to='francisco@denmark.lit' id='foo'>
<event xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub#event'>
<items node='princely_musings'>
<item id='ae890ac52d0df67ed7cfdf51b644e901'>
<json xmlns="urn:xmpp:json:0">
{ "name": "romeo", "age": "421", "status": "single" }
</json>
</item>
</items>
</event>
</message>
<iq to="recipient.example.com" type="get" id="q1">
<query xmlns="http://example.com/user-queries">
<json xmlns="urn:xmpp:json:0">
{ "name": "romeo" }
</json>
</query>
</iq>
The <json> element MUST only contain character data, and the data MUST conform to RFC 4627 [3]. Specifically, the element MUST NOT be empty, as the empty string is not valid JSON. The data MUST be encoded as UTF-8 (though officially unspecified, this is the de facto encoding for JSON today).
Implementations SHOULD validate JSON they receive and intend to use, and be prepared to handle invalid data appropriately (such as by responding to the sender with the applicable XMPP error reply for the stanza type).
As the <json> element alone provides no context to the recipient about the kind of data it contains, only the format, it SHOULD always be encapsulated within another element that provides a context and SHOULD NOT be added as a direct child of a stanza.
The JSON container element is intended for communicating small pieces of generic JSON data within a particular context. XMPP entities MUST NOT attempt to interpret unexpected JSON data they receive, and servers SHOULD NOT inspect JSON data inside stanzas they are routing, other than for OPTIONAL validation.
When generating stanzas containing JSON payloads, implementations should be aware of the maximum stanza size considerations laid down in XMPP Core [4].
Embedding JSON is not intended as a substitute for the use of XML in XMPP, and no attempt should be made by protocol designers to use it as such. XMPP implementations are optimised for XML processing, and introducing mixed-format protocols on top of existing XMPP constructs could lead to performance and security considerations beyond the scope of this document.
JSON is a very common format for data interchange today, and has many popular implementations available in browsers and standalone libraries that can be assumed relatively well-tested. However an implementation receiving JSON data from an untrusted entity should take precautions and MUST NOT attempt to use invalid JSON data it receives in any way, nor must it accept data in any encoding other than UTF-8 to avoid potential encoding mismatch attacks.
N/A.
TBD.
This schema is descriptive, not normative.
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<xs:schema
xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
targetNamespace='urn:xmpp:json:0'
xmlns='urn:xmpp:json:0'
elementFormDefault='qualified'>
<xs:annotation>
<xs:documentation>
The protocol documented by this schema is defined in
XEP-0335: http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0335.html
</xs:documentation>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:element name='json' type='xs:string' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/>
</xs:schema>
This document in other formats: XML PDF
This XMPP Extension Protocol is copyright © 1999 – 2024 by the XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF).
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this specification (the "Specification"), to make use of the Specification without restriction, including without limitation the rights to implement the Specification in a software program, deploy the Specification in a network service, and copy, modify, merge, publish, translate, distribute, sublicense, or sell copies of the Specification, and to permit persons to whom the Specification is furnished to do so, subject to the condition that the foregoing copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Specification. Unless separate permission is granted, modified works that are redistributed shall not contain misleading information regarding the authors, title, number, or publisher of the Specification, and shall not claim endorsement of the modified works by the authors, any organization or project to which the authors belong, or the XMPP Standards Foundation.
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This XMPP Extension Protocol has been contributed in full conformance with the XSF's Intellectual Property Rights Policy (a copy of which can be found at <https://xmpp.org/about/xsf/ipr-policy> or obtained by writing to XMPP Standards Foundation, P.O. Box 787, Parker, CO 80134 USA).
The HTML representation (you are looking at) is maintained by the XSF. It is based on the YAML CSS Framework, which is licensed under the terms of the CC-BY-SA 2.0 license.
The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 6120) and XMPP IM (RFC 6121) specifications contributed by the XMPP Standards Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this document has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.
The primary venue for discussion of XMPP Extension Protocols is the <standards@xmpp.org> discussion list.
Discussion on other xmpp.org discussion lists might also be appropriate; see <https://xmpp.org/community/> for a complete list.
Given that this XMPP Extension Protocol normatively references IETF technologies, discussion on the <xsf-ietf@xmpp.org> list might also be appropriate.
Errata can be sent to <editor@xmpp.org>.
The following requirements keywords as used in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119: "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED"; "MUST NOT", "SHALL NOT"; "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED"; "SHOULD NOT", "NOT RECOMMENDED"; "MAY", "OPTIONAL".
1. XEP-0295: JSON Encodings for XMPP <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0295.html>.
2. XEP-0060: Publish-Subscribe <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0060.html>.
3. RFC 4627: The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627>.
4. RFC 6120: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Core <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6120>.
Note: Older versions of this specification might be available at https://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/
Fix XEP number in schema description
Initial published version approved by the XMPP Council.
Update namespace to urn:xmpp:json:0, add requirement for encapsulation within other protocols, and require conformance to RFC 4627.
First draft.
@report{wild2012xep0335,
title = {JSON Containers},
author = {Wild, Matthew},
type = {XEP},
number = {0335},
version = {0.1.1},
institution = {XMPP Standards Foundation},
url = {https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0335.html},
date = {2012-11-15/2018-09-26},
}END