XEP-0043: Jabber Database Access

Abstract
Expose RDBM systems directly to the jabber network
Author
Justin Kirby
Copyright
© 2002 – 2003 XMPP Standards Foundation. SEE LEGAL NOTICES.
Status

Retracted

WARNING: This document has been retracted by the author(s). Implementation of the protocol described herein is not recommended. Developers desiring similar functionality are advised to implement the protocol that supersedes this one (if any).
Type
Standards Track
Version
0.2 (2003-10-20)
Document Lifecycle
  1. Experimental
  2. Retracted
  3. Proposed
  4. Stable
  5. Final

1. Introduction

Accessing a RDBMS in a generic fashion is a complex and difficult task. Consequently, this will not be an attempt to XMLize a generic Database API or query language. Instead, it will providing a simple mechanism for a JID to read/write data that it has access to and specifying a model for those schemas to use in xml.

This document has two aims.

  1. Be able to request the available schemas
  2. Perform near SQL-like data manipulation

Although designed for use with an RDBMS this document is not restricted to such uses. It may be used with any data storage system that can be broken down to a simple table, column/row format. for example comma delimited files.

2. Prerequisites

To understand the following sections of this document the reader must be aware of the following.

2.1 Namespace

The current namespace of http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html will be used until this becomes a jep. Once officially accepted as a jep and approved as final by the council, it will become http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0043.html.

2.2 Elements

2.3 Data Types

There are a limited subset of data types available:

2.4 Assumed Database Setup

All SQL/RDBMS units will be scoped in the xml hierarchy:

<database>
  <table>
    <col/>
  </table>
</database>
      

All examples will assume the existence of the following rdbms setup. A database named 'testdb' with tables created with following SQL script:

        create table tbl_one
        (
          a_int int,
          a_float float,
          a_char  char(10)
        )
        create table tbl_two
        (
          a_date datetime,
      a_numeric numeric(9,3)
        )
      

3. Usage

3.1 Requesting Schemas

Example 1. A simple schema request
<iq id="001" to="db.host" type="get">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
</iq>
      

This is a simple request to discover what tables/procedures exist on the database testdb. And what permissions are available to the user. All schema requests will respond within the scope that was asked for. This is to prevent unnecessary data from flooding the network. So the response for the above request would look something like:

Example 2. Response to a schema request
<iq id="001" type="result" from="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one" permission="both"/>
      <table  name="tbl_two" permission="read"/>
  </database>
</iq>
      

The response is scoped to only the 'children' of the request. Since the request was for the testdb database, only the tables within that database were returned in the result. The reason for the limitation is to prevent excessively large packets from filling the network from large schemas.

The response indicates that the user has both read and write permissions on the table 'tbl_one' and only read permissions on the table 'tbl_two'. Consequently, the user may only perform get requests on 'tbl_two'.

Example 3. Request detailed table schema
<iq id="002" type="get" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one"/>
  </database>
</iq>
      

The response would look like:

Example 4. Response to detailed request
<iq id="002" type="result" from="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one"    permission="both">
     <col name="a_int" type="int"/>
      <col name="a_float" type="float"/>
      <col name="a_char" type="char" size="10"/>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>
      

The schema response for tbl_one is quite intuitive. Three columns exist, one called a_int of type int (integer), another a_float of type float and a third called a_char of type char with a size of ten characters.

3.2 Manipulating Data

Manipulation of data (select, insert, update, delete) will definitely not be elegant or easy. SQL allows for some fairly complex queries on any fully functional RDBMS. Consequently, the data manipulation will be relatively limited since it is not a goal to translate SQL into xml.

3.2.1 Selects

To indicate a select like query, specify an <iq> of type get. The table that the query is to be performed against must be specified. The columns that are to be returned in the result set must be scoped within the relative table. Any attribute on the <col> element besides name will be ignored. e.g. it is not required nor recommended to specify the data types or the sizes while performing a get.

Example 5. Basic select
<iq id="003" type="get" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int"/>
      <col name="a_float"/>
      <col name="a_char"/>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>

      SQL Syntax:
        select a_int, a_float, a_char
        from tbl_one
        

It is also possible to specify a limit on the number of rows returned in the result set by specifying a value for the limit attribute.

Example 6. Basic select with limit
<iq id="003" type="get" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_one"  limit="2">
      <col name="a_int"/>
      <col name="a_float"/>
      <col name="a_char"/>
      </table>
  </database>
</iq>
       

In this case a limit of two rows will be returned in the result set.

The result set which is returned will contain all the rows that met the criteria of the select. There is no schema information beyond the column names included in the result set. Each 'row' in the result set is scoped within the corresponding <table> element. This allows for queries on multiple tables to be used in one <iq> packet.

Example 7. Response to basic select
<iq id="003" type="result" from="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int">1234</col>
      <col name="a_float">123.45</col>
      <col name="a_char">onetwothre</col>
    </table>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int">2345</col>
      <col name="a_float">234.56</col>
      <col name="a_char">twothreefo</col>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>
       

3.2.2 Constraining Result Sets

It would be impractical to request the entire contents of the table every time you needed one row or a subset of the data. You can constrain the result set by specifying a where clause.

Example 8. Select with constraints
<iq id="004" type="get" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int"/>
      <col name="a_float"/>
      <col name="a_char"/>
      <where>
        <col name="a_int" op="eq">1234</col>
        <col name="a_float" op="lt" conj="and">200.00</col>
      </where>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>

         SQL Syntax:
         select a_int, a_float, a_char from tbl_one
         where   a_int = 1234 and a_float < 200.00
       

Attributes only used in the <col> element within a <where> element are the op (for operator) and conj for (conjunction). The op is used for comparison operators such as <, >, =, <>, <=, >=

The conjuction attribute is used to combined constraints in the where clause

Result

Example 9. Response to select with constraints
<iq id="003" type="result" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int">1234</col>
      <col name="a_float">123.45</col>
      <col name="a_char">onetwothre</col>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>
      

3.2.3 Inserts

Inserting or altering the stored data in anyway requires setting the type attribute to a value of set. This indicates that the user wants to perform a 'insert/update'. The differentiating factor between an insert and an update operation is whether a <where> element is used. If there is no <where> element then it must be interpreted as an insert. If a <where> element does exist, then it must be interpreted as an update.

Example 10. Inserting data
<iq id="004" type="set" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int">3456</col>
      <col name="a_float">345.67</col>
      <col name="a_char">threefour</col>
    </table>
    <table  name="tbl_two">
      <col name="a_date">02/16/2002</col>
      <col name="a_numeric">123456789123.123</col>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>

SQL syntax:
insert tbl_one (a_int, a_float,a_char)VALUES(3456,   345.67, 'threefour')
insert tbl_two (a_date, a_numeric) VALUES('02/16/2002', 123456789123.123)
      

Result

If there is no result set for the query, as in an update, insert, delete, then the response must indicate success or failure within the <table> element scope. An empty <table> element indicates success, and a <table> element containing an <error> element indicates a failure.

Example 11. Response to data insert
<iq id="004" type="result" from="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_one"/>
    <table name="tbl_two">
      <error code="380">permission denied on table</error>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>
      

The insert into tbl_one succeeded since the response has an empty <table> element. However, the insert into tbl_two failed with a permission denied error. Which is indicated with a non-empty <table> element.

3.2.4 Updates

As stated previously, if the type attribute has a value of set and a <where> element exists, then it must be interpreted as an update.

Example 12. Updating
<iq id="005" type="set" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table  name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_char">aaaaaaaaaa</col>
      <where>
        <col name=c"a_int">1234</col>
      </where>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>

        SQL Syntax:
    update tbl_one
    set a_char = 'aaaaaaaaaa'
    where a_int = 1234
      

Result

Again, if there is no result set returned by the query, then success or failure must be indicated.

Example 13. Response to update
<iq id="005" type="result" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_one"/>
  </database>
</iq>
      

3.2.5 Deletes

If the type attribute has a value of set and there are no <col> elements scoped within the <table> element, then the query must be interpreted as a delete.

Example 14. Simple delete
<iq id="006" type="set"  to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_one">
      <where>
        <col name="a_int" op="eq">1234</col>
      </where>
    </table>
    </database>
</iq>

      SQL Syntax:
      delete from tbl_one where a_int = 1234
    

Result

Again, if a result set is not generated by a query, then success or failure must be indicated by the <table> element

Example 15. Response to delete
<iq id="006" type="result"    to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_one"/>
  </database>
</iq>
    

3.3 Procedures

Procedures, or stored procedures [1] , are often handy to make frequently used sql queries execute faster. These are simply queries stored in a precompiled form and given a name with a list of parameters. Each RDBMS handles procedures differently, but the common characteristics are that they are stored server side and have in/out parameters.

The <proc> element will be used to indicate a procedure. It has similar characteristics to the <table> element. The core differences are that the <col> elements have permissions and a <result> element can be used to indicate the value returned by the procedure.

The permission attribute on a <col> element is used to indicate whether the parameter is in (read), out (write) or in/out (both).

The only result set acceptable from a procedure is that of the parameters or <col> element. If the procedure produces a result set outside of the parameters this should be ignored.

3.4 Errors

The server must be able to let the client know when an error occurs, instead of just being silent.

Table 1: Error Codes
Code Message Description
399 Invalid Database Name Returned when the client has requested information from a database which does not exist according to the component.
398 Invalid Table Name Returned when the client has requested information from a table/procedure which does not exist according to the component.
397 Invalid Column Name Returned when the client has requested information from a column which does not exist according to the component.
380 Permission Denied on Table Returned when the requested action is not allowed for the user on the table
401 Access Denied Returned when the user does not have permission to use the component.

If the user requests an action on a table which they do not have permission to do the following should be returned

Example 16. Permission denied error
<iq id="004" type="error" from="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_two">
      <error code="380">permission denied on table</error>
    </table>
</database>
    </iq>
  

If the user is not allowed to access the component the following should be returned

Example 17. General access denied
<iq id="004" type="error" from="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <error code="401">Access Denied</error>
  </database>
</iq>
  

3.5 Optional Features

There are requirements which can be provided by other jabber components/namespaces, namely the jabber:iq:browse namespace in-place of Version Negotiation. Due to the inherent limitations of the above data retrieval mechanisms more sophisticated querying techniques might be desired. The <query> element will extend the functionality

3.5.1 Embedded SQL

The abilities described in the Basics section are just that, basic. To provide more flexibility and allow for the full power of SQL without xmlifying everything, a <sql> element may be implemented to provide this feature.

The <sql> element must be scoped within the <database> element.

Example 18. Embedded sql query
<iq id="007" type="get" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <sql> select a_int, a_float from tbl_one </sql>
  </database>
</iq>
    

Result

Example 19. Response to embedded query
<iq id="007" type="result" to="db.host">
  <database
      name="testdb"
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    <table name="tbl_one" permission="both">
      <col name="a_int" type="integer"/>
      <col name="a_float" type="float"/>
    </table>
    <table name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int">1234</col>
      <col name="a_float">123.45</col>
    </table>
    <table name="tbl_one">
      <col name="a_int">2345</col>
      <col name="a_float">234.56</col>
    </table>
  </database>
</iq>
    

Since SQL is so flexible, the result set schema is not known until it is returned as a result of the query. Consequently, it must be sent as the first 'row' of the returned result. Each following row will be the actual data queried for.

If multiple tables are used within one SQL statement, then then name attribute within the <table> element can not be accurately denoted with a single table name. The best way to deal with this situation is to simply use a unique identifier within the scope of the <database> element. This will allow for multiple <sql> results to be scoped within the same result.

3.5.2 Version Negotiation

It is expected that this protocol will grow and be extended to meet various demands. Therefore, version negotiation [2] will be incorporated up front.

When the connection initiator, client end-user or server/transport, starts a session, it must first send the version number it expects to use, otherwise, behavior is undefined.

<iq id="000" type="get" to="db.host">
  <database
      xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html">
      <version>0.1</version>
    </database>
</iq>
    

Three responses are possible from the server.

  1. It supports that version number and responds with:

    <iq id="000" type="result" from="db.host">
      <database
          xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html">
        <version>0.1</version>
        </database>
    </iq>
          

    The type of 'result' indicates that the version request was successful and if the client is satisfied with the version number, may continue with schema requests or whatever.

  2. It does not support that version number and responds with:

    <iq id="000" type="error" from="db.host">
      <database
          xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html"/>
    </iq>
          

    The type of 'error' indicates a failure in conforming to the desired version number. The server may optionally send an alternative option.

    <iq id="000" type="error" from="db.host">
      <database
          xmlns="http://openaether.org/projects/jabber_database.html">
          <version>0.2</version>
        </database>
    </iq>
          
  3. If the server has no idea what the client is talking about it should send the appropriate Jabber error code.

4. Limitations

  1. No joins, roll ups, cubes
  2. Views are not differentiated from tables
  3. provides basic sql-like functionality only
  4. Utilizes lowest common denominator approach

5. Todos

6. Thanks

Thanks to Russell Davis (ukscone) for fine tuning the layout and wording of this jep. It would probably have been unreadable if it wasn't for him.

7. DTD and Schema

7.1 DTD

<!ELEMENT version (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT error (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT sql(#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT database (table | sproc | sql | error)*>
<!ELEMENT table (col | where | error)*>
<!ELEMENT where (col+)>
<!ELEMENT col (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT proc(col | result | error)*>
<!ELEMENT result (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST error code CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST database name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST table
name CDATA #IMPLIED
    permission (read | write | both) #IMPLIED
    limit CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ATTLIST proc name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST col
    name CDATA #IMPLIED
    size CDATA #IMPLIED
    op (eq | neq | lt | gt | let | get | null) #IMPLIED
    conj (not | or | and ) #IMPLIED
    permission (read | write | both) #IMPLIED
    type (bit | tinyint | integer | utinyint | uinteger |
          float | numeric | date | datetime | timestamp |
          time | char | vchar | text | blob) #IMPLIED
>
    

7.2 Schema

Anyone care to do this?


Appendices

Appendix A: Document Information

Series
XEP
Number
0043
Publisher
XMPP Standards Foundation
Status
Retracted
Type
Standards Track
Version
0.2
Last Updated
2003-10-20
Approving Body
XMPP Council
Dependencies
None
Supersedes
None
Superseded By
None
Short Name
N/A
Source Control
HTML

This document in other formats: XML  PDF

Appendix B: Author Information

Justin Kirby
Email
justin@openaether.org
JabberID
zion@openaether.org

Copyright

This XMPP Extension Protocol is copyright © 1999 – 2024 by the XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF).

Permissions

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this specification (the "Specification"), to make use of the Specification without restriction, including without limitation the rights to implement the Specification in a software program, deploy the Specification in a network service, and copy, modify, merge, publish, translate, distribute, sublicense, or sell copies of the Specification, and to permit persons to whom the Specification is furnished to do so, subject to the condition that the foregoing copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Specification. Unless separate permission is granted, modified works that are redistributed shall not contain misleading information regarding the authors, title, number, or publisher of the Specification, and shall not claim endorsement of the modified works by the authors, any organization or project to which the authors belong, or the XMPP Standards Foundation.

Disclaimer of Warranty

## NOTE WELL: This Specification is provided on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ##

Limitation of Liability

In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall the XMPP Standards Foundation or any author of this Specification be liable for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising from, out of, or in connection with the Specification or the implementation, deployment, or other use of the Specification (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if the XMPP Standards Foundation or such author has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

IPR Conformance

This XMPP Extension Protocol has been contributed in full conformance with the XSF's Intellectual Property Rights Policy (a copy of which can be found at <https://xmpp.org/about/xsf/ipr-policy> or obtained by writing to XMPP Standards Foundation, P.O. Box 787, Parker, CO 80134 USA).

Visual Presentation

The HTML representation (you are looking at) is maintained by the XSF. It is based on the YAML CSS Framework, which is licensed under the terms of the CC-BY-SA 2.0 license.

Appendix D: Relation to XMPP

The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 6120) and XMPP IM (RFC 6121) specifications contributed by the XMPP Standards Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this document has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.

Appendix E: Discussion Venue

The primary venue for discussion of XMPP Extension Protocols is the <standards@xmpp.org> discussion list.

Discussion on other xmpp.org discussion lists might also be appropriate; see <https://xmpp.org/community/> for a complete list.

Errata can be sent to <editor@xmpp.org>.

Appendix F: Requirements Conformance

The following requirements keywords as used in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119: "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED"; "MUST NOT", "SHALL NOT"; "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED"; "SHOULD NOT", "NOT RECOMMENDED"; "MAY", "OPTIONAL".

Appendix G: Notes

1. Apparently procedures are not as common in RDBMS as I thought. Postgres and MySQL have functions, but not procedures. So until I, or someone else, researches this issue this feature is on hold.

2. Version Negotiation is being killed since browsing, feature negotiation, or disco will be able to perform this function, however it might be useful as an optional feature for clients that don't implement these yet, especially considering none of these have been standardized.

Appendix H: Revision History

Note: Older versions of this specification might be available at https://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/

  1. Version 0.2 (2003-10-20)
    At the request of the author, changed status to Retracted.
    psa
  2. Version 0.1 (2002-08-21)
    Initial public release
    jk

Appendix I: Bib(La)TeX Entry

@report{kirby2002n/a,
  title = {Jabber Database Access},
  author = {Kirby, Justin},
  type = {XEP},
  number = {0043},
  version = {0.2},
  institution = {XMPP Standards Foundation},
  url = {https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0043.html},
  date = {2002-08-21/2003-10-20},
}

END