This XEP introduces unique and stable IDs for messages, which are beneficial in various ways. For example, they can be used together with Message Archive Management (XEP-0313) [1] to uniquely identify a message within an archive. They are also useful in the context of Multi-User Chat (XEP-0045) [2] conferences, as they allow to identify a message reflected by a MUC service back to the originating entity.
<stanza-id xmlns='urn:xmpp:sid:0'
id='de305d54-75b4-431b-adb2-eb6b9e546013'
by='room@muc.example.com'/>
In order to create a <stanza-id/> extension element, the creating XMPP entity generates and sets the value of the 'id' attribute, and puts its own XMPP address as value of the 'by' attribute. The value of the 'id' attribute must be unique and stable, i.e. it MUST NOT change later for some reason within the scope of the 'by' value. Thus the IDs defined in this extension MUST be unique and stable within the scope of the generating XMPP entity. It is RECOMMENDED that the ID generating service uses UUID and the algorithm defined in RFC 4122 [3] to generate the IDs.
Some use cases require the originating entity, e.g. a client, to generate the stanza ID. In this case, the client MUST use the <origin-id/> element extension element qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:sid:0' namespace. Note that originating entities often want to conceal their XMPP address and therefore the <origin-id/> element has no 'by' attribute.
<message xmlns='jabber:client'
to='room@muc.example.com'
type='groupchat'>
<body>Typical body text</body>
<origin-id xmlns='urn:xmpp:sid:0' id='de305d54-75b4-431b-adb2-eb6b9e546013'/>
</message>The server or component MAY add a <stanza-id/> element. In that case, it MUST preserve the content of the <origin-id/> element.
<message xmlns='jabber:client'
to='room@muc.example.com'
type='groupchat'>
<body>Typical body text</body>
<stanza-id xmlns='urn:xmpp:sid:0'
id='5f3dbc5e-e1d3-4077-a492-693f3769c7ad'
by='room@muc.example.com'/>
<origin-id xmlns='urn:xmpp:sid:0' id='de305d54-75b4-431b-adb2-eb6b9e546013'/>
</message>The <referenced-stanza/> element can be used to reference another stanza. The <referenced-stanza/> element MUST be qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:sid:0' namespace and MUST have an 'id' attribute and SHOULD have a 'by' attribute. The values of the attributes are the values of the referenced stanza's <stanza-id/> element.
<referenced-stanza xmlns='urn:xmpp:sid:0' id='xep359-stanza-id' by='muc.example.org'/>
An entity that follows the business rules, especially the rule on overriding the ID in elements where the by atttribute matches the 'by' attribute they would otherwise set, SHOULD announce the 'urn:xmpp:sid:0' namespace in its disco features allowing other entities to verify that those business rules are properly enforced.
<iq from='romeo@montague.tld/garden'
id='somethingrandom'
to='room@muc.example.com'
type='get'>
<query xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info' />
</iq>
<iq from='room@muc.example.com'
to='romeo@montague.tld/garden'
id='somethingrandom'
type='result'>
<query xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info'>
…
<feature var='urn:xmpp:sid:0'/>
…
</query>
</iq>
The value of origin-id is spoofable and hence SHOULD not be used when referencing other stanzas. The value tuple of 'id' and 'by' of the stanza-id element is unspoofable iff all involved implementations follow the requirements of this specification.
The value of the 'id' attribute should not provide any further information besides the opaque ID itself. Entities observing the value MUST NOT be able to infer any information from it, e.g. the size of the message archive. The value of 'id' MUST be considered a non-secret value.
Before processing the stanza ID of a message and using it for deduplication purposes or for MAM catchup, the receiving entity SHOULD ensure that the stanza ID could not have been faked, by verifying that the entity referenced in the by attribute does annouce the 'urn:xmpp:sid:0' namespace in its disco features.
This document requires no interaction with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [5].
This specification defines the following XML namespaces:
The XMPP Registrar [6] shall include the foregoing namespaces in its registry of protocol namespaces (see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/namespaces.html>) and in its disco features registry (<https://xmpp.org/registrar/disco-features.html>) as defined in Service Discovery (XEP-0030) [7].
<var> <name>urn:xmpp:sid:0</name> <desc>Indicates that an entity adds stanza-ids and follows the business rules described in the XEP</desc> <doc>XEP-0359</doc> </var>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<xs:schema
xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
targetNamespace='urn:xmpp:sid:0'
elementFormDefault='qualified'>
<xs:annotation>
<xs:documentation>
The protocol documented by this schema is defined in
XEP-0359: https://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0359.html
</xs:documentation>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:element name='stanza-id'>
<xs:complexType>
<xs:attribute name='id' type='xs:string' use='required'/>
<xs:attribute name='by' type='xs:string' use='required'/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name='origin-id'>
<xs:complexType>
<xs:attribute name='id' type='xs:string' use='required'/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name='referenced-stanza'>
<xs:complexType>
<xs:attribute name='id' type='xs:string' use='required'/>
<xs:attribute name='by' type='xs:string' use='optional'/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>Thanks to Thijs Alkemade, Georg Lukas, and Maxime Buquet for providing feedback.
This document in other formats: XML PDF
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The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 6120) and XMPP IM (RFC 6121) specifications contributed by the XMPP Standards Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this document has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.
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Discussion on other xmpp.org discussion lists might also be appropriate; see <https://xmpp.org/community/> for a complete list.
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The following requirements keywords as used in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119: "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED"; "MUST NOT", "SHALL NOT"; "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED"; "SHOULD NOT", "NOT RECOMMENDED"; "MAY", "OPTIONAL".
1. XEP-0313: Message Archive Management <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0313.html>.
2. XEP-0045: Multi-User Chat <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0045.html>.
3. RFC 4122: A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122>.
4. RFC 6122: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Address Format <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6122>.
5. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols, such as port numbers and URI schemes. For further information, see <http://www.iana.org/>.
6. The XMPP Registrar maintains a list of reserved protocol namespaces as well as registries of parameters used in the context of XMPP extension protocols approved by the XMPP Standards Foundation. For further information, see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/>.
7. XEP-0030: Service Discovery <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0030.html>.
Note: Older versions of this specification might be available at https://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/
Add security consideration regarding spoofability and reference example
Correct example caption
Add ability to discover support
Rename client-id element to origin-id.
Minor improvements.
Minor fixes (typos, s/JID/XMPP Address, etc.)
Initial published version approved by the XMPP Council.
First draft.
@report{schmaus2015stanza-id,
title = {Unique and Stable Stanza IDs},
author = {Schmaus, Florian},
type = {XEP},
number = {0359},
version = {0.7.0},
institution = {XMPP Standards Foundation},
url = {https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0359.html},
date = {2015-06-01/2023-02-20},
}END