Note: This protocol suite is obsolete. For updated protocol suites, refer to XMPP Basic Client 2008 (XEP-0211) [1] and XMPP Basic Server 2008 (XEP-0212) [2].
Given the large number of Jabber/XMPP protocols, [3] it is not always clear to developers exactly which protocols they need to implement in order to interoperate over Jabber/XMPP networks. This document attempts to assist developers by defining a protocol suite for basic instant messaging and presence.
Defining a protocol suite provides a high-level "bucket" into which we can place specific functionality areas for development and compliance testing. A baseline is provided by RFCs 3920 and 3921, which define XML streams, JID processing, channel encryption, authentication, the three primary XML stanza types (<message/>, <presence/>, and <iq/>), namespace handling, presence subscriptions, roster management, and privacy lists (permit/deny lists). However, basic Jabber instant messaging and presence applications should support several additional protocols that were not included in the XMPP specifications for either of the following reasons:
The Basic IM Protocol Suite does not include more advanced IM functionality, such as groupchat or HTML message formatting; see Intermediate IM Protocol Suite (XEP-0117) [13] for such features.
The software developed in the Jabber community is built on the foundation of XML streams, a consistent addressing scheme (JIDs), channel encryption, authentication of an entity (client or server) with a server, three core data elements (<message/>, <presence/>, and <iq/>), and proper handling of XML namespaces. These foundational building blocks have been formalized within RFC 3920, support for which is REQUIRED by this protocol suite.
However, XMPP Core is not fully congruent with the core of what has traditionally been known as "Jabber", and this divergence needs to be captured in the Basic IM Protocol Suite. For the sake of backward compatibility, support for Non-SASL Authentication (XEP-0078) [14] is RECOMMENDED for servers (but not clients) as a fallback method of authentication by older deployed clients. [15] In addition, support for the error 'code' attribute specified in Error Condition Mappings (XEP-0086) [16] is RECOMMENDED for both clients and servers.
RFC 3920 does not define everything that is normally expected of even a minimal instant messaging and presence application (in effect, it defines the transport layer rather than the IM and presence application layer). Much of this IM and presence functionality is defined in RFC 3921 in order to meet the requirements of RFC 2779. In particular, RFC 3921 defines roster management, presence subscriptions, and routing and delivery guidelines for clients and servers. Therefore, support for RFC 3921 [10] is REQUIRED.
Furthermore, Jabber instant messaging and presence applications typically include the ability to discover information about other entities on the network, and to reply to queries for information. This behavior is extremely helpful because it ensures that entities on the network can determine each other's capabilities and thus understand how to communicate together. Therefore, support for Service Discovery (XEP-0030) [17] is REQUIRED by this protocol suite, as is (for clients) the dynamic profile of service discovery specified in Entity Capabilities (XEP-0115) [18].
Traditionally, Jabber servers (and some services) have also offered the ability for clients to register accounts "in-band" (see In-Band Registration (XEP-0077) [19]) in order to bootstrap participation on the network; support for that protocol is RECOMMENDED but any given server deployment MAY disable in-band registration as a matter of service provisioning.
Thus we define the Basic IM Protocol Suite as follows:
| Specification | Requirement Level |
|---|---|
| RFC 3920: XMPP Core | REQUIRED |
| RFC 3921: XMPP IM | REQUIRED |
| XEP-0030: Service Discovery | REQUIRED |
| XEP-0077: In-Band Registration | RECOMMENDED |
| XEP-0078: Non-SASL Authentication | RECOMMENDED for servers; NOT RECOMMENDED for clients |
| XEP-0086: Error Condition Mappings | RECOMMENDED |
| XEP-0115: Entity Capabilities | REQUIRED for clients |
RFC 3920 requires support for SASL and TLS as must-implement protocols, and that support is not modified herein. The older authentication method specified in XEP-0078: Non-SASL Authentication is now deprecated; however, support for it is still recommended in server implementations for the sake of backward compatibility (see Non-SASL Authentication (XEP-0078) [14] regarding the proper order of precedence between SASL authentication and non-SASL authentication).
This document requires no interaction with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [20].
This document requires no interaction with the XMPP Registrar [21].
This document in other formats: XML PDF
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The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 6120) and XMPP IM (RFC 6121) specifications contributed by the XMPP Standards Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this document has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.
The primary venue for discussion of XMPP Extension Protocols is the <standards@xmpp.org> discussion list.
Discussion on other xmpp.org discussion lists might also be appropriate; see <https://xmpp.org/community/> for a complete list.
Errata can be sent to <editor@xmpp.org>.
The following requirements keywords as used in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119: "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED"; "MUST NOT", "SHALL NOT"; "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED"; "SHOULD NOT", "NOT RECOMMENDED"; "MAY", "OPTIONAL".
1. XEP-0211: XMPP Basic Client 2008 <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0211.html>.
2. XEP-0212: XMPP Basic Server 2008 <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0212.html>.
3. The protocols developed by the Jabber community have matured considerably since 1999. The core protocols were originally created by a small group of developers who worked on early Jabber-related open-source software projects such as the jabberd [4] server, the Winjab, Gabber, and Jarl clients, the Net::Jabber and Jabberbeans libraries, and gateways to consumer IM services. In the summer of 2001, the XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF) [5] was founded to institute a formal standards process within the growing Jabber community (codified in XMPP Extension Protocols (XEP-0001) [6]). In late 2002, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [7] formed the XMPP Working Group [8], which formalized the core Jabber protocols under the name Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). In early 2004, the IETF approved the main XMPP specifications as Proposed Standards within the Internet Standards Process defined by RFC 2026 [9], resulting in publication of RFC 3920 [10] and RFC 3921 [11]. In the meantime, the XSF has continued to develop additional protocols on top of XMPP in order to address functionality areas that are too application-specific for consideration within the IETF.
4. The jabberd server is the original server implementation of the Jabber/XMPP protocols, first developed by Jeremie Miller, inventor of Jabber. For further information, see <http://jabberd.org/>.
5. The XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF) is an independent, non-profit membership organization that develops open extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). For further information, see <https://xmpp.org/about/xmpp-standards-foundation>.
6. XEP-0001: XMPP Extension Protocols <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0001.html>.
7. The Internet Engineering Task Force is the principal body engaged in the development of new Internet standard specifications, best known for its work on standards such as HTTP and SMTP. For further information, see <http://www.ietf.org/>.
8. The XMPP Working Group was created by the Internet Engineering Task Force to define an adaptation of the base Jabber protocols that could be considered an IETF-approved instant messaging and presence technology. For further information, see <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/xmpp/charter/>.
9. RFC 2026: The Internet Standards Process <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2026>.
10. RFC 3920: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Core <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3920>.
11. RFC 3921: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging and Presence <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3921>.
12. RFC 2779: A Model for Presence and Instant Messaging <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2779>.
13. XEP-0117: Intermediate IM Protocol Suite <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0117.html>.
14. XEP-0078: Non-SASL Authentication <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0078.html>.
15. Older software also used port 5223 for SSL-enabled communications between a client and a server, rather than upgrading port 5222 as is done during TLS negotiation (the equivalent for server-to-server communications was never implemented). Support for this behavior is OPTIONAL on the part of servers for backwards-compatibility with older deployed clients.
16. XEP-0086: Error Condition Mappings <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0086.html>.
17. XEP-0030: Service Discovery <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0030.html>.
18. XEP-0115: Entity Capabilities <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0115.html>.
19. XEP-0077: In-Band Registration <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html>.
20. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols, such as port numbers and URI schemes. For further information, see <http://www.iana.org/>.
21. The XMPP Registrar maintains a list of reserved protocol namespaces as well as registries of parameters used in the context of XMPP extension protocols approved by the XMPP Standards Foundation. For further information, see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/>.
Note: Older versions of this specification might be available at https://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/
Cross-document editorial adjustments for inclusive language.
Per a vote of the XMPP Council, changed status to Obsolete and referred implementors to XEP-0211 and XEP-0212.
Changed support for XEP-0077 from required for servers and recommended for clients to recommended for both servers and clients; changed support for XEP-0078 from required for both servers and clients to recommended for servers and not recommended for clients; changed support for XEP-0086 from required for servers and recommended for clients to recommended for both servers and clients; added XEP-0115 as required for clients.
Per a vote of the Jabber Council, advanced status to Active.
Per feedback from the Jabber Council, made all of RFC 3920 mandatory (no loophole allowing certain client platforms to not support TLS and SASL).
Removed reference to deployments and moved historical paragraph to a footnote.
Updated references to reflect publication of RFCs 3920 and 3921.
Changed In-Band Registration to recommended for clients; added note about SSL communications over port 5223; clarified wording throughout.
Updated to reflect approval of XMPP Core and XMPP IM.
Updated to reflect work by the XMPP WG; changed status to Deferred.
Renamed.
Slight editorial revisions.
Limited scope to definition of "Jabber IM Basic".
Initial version.
@report{saint-andre2003n/a,
title = {Basic IM Protocol Suite},
author = {Saint-Andre, Peter},
type = {XEP},
number = {0073},
version = {1.2.1},
institution = {XMPP Standards Foundation},
url = {https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0073.html},
date = {2003-03-04/2021-03-04},
}END